陸軍戸山学校

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　　陸軍戸山学校は、現在の東京都新宿区戸山（新宿区戸山公園付近）にあった旧尾張藩下屋敷跡に陸軍兵学寮戸山出張所を1873年（明治6年）6月に設置したことが始まりとされ、翌年2月、戸山学校と改称した上下士官の軍事訓練を行なう大日本帝国陸軍の軍事訓練学校であった。

　　陸軍戸山学校教導大隊附であった陸軍歩兵特務曹長太田資が明治４０年１２月下旬に誌した、陸軍戸山学校沿革ノ大要附校内案内記（抜粋）に、

 

　　○　本校ノ創立：　本校ハ明治六年八月ノ創立ニ係リ同月二十日始メテ学生ヲ召集シ校務ヲ開始ス

　　○　明治八年五月兵学寮廃止セラレタル為メ本校ハ陸軍省ノ直隷トナレリ

　　○　明治三十年一月二日官制改正ト共ニ監軍部ヲ廃シ更ニ教育總監部ヲ置カルルニ方リ本校ハ其の直轄ニ属シ以テ今日ニ至レリ

　　○　明治六年ヨリ同十七年ニ亘リ体操射撃剱術専門ノ教師タル佛國ノ将校准士官下士ヲ招聘セリ

　　○　本校創立の趣旨：　我國兵制草創ノ際ニ方リ全軍ノ教育ヲ一致セシムルノ目的ヲ以テ其学術ヲ講究スルハ當時ノ最大急務ニシテ殊ニ将来ニ於ケル外國軍隊日進月歩ノ趨勢ヲ知悉シ益研鑽ノ効果ヲ収メ常ニ其進歩ニ伴フテ互ニ相駢馳セシムルコトヲ期セザル可カラズ是ニ於テ乎全軍諸隊ヲシテ同一ノ成規ニ基キ諸科ヲ訓練シ面シテ各自其修得セル處ノモノヲ以テ之ヲ原隊ニ普傅セシメ全軍ノ教育ヲ常ニ齊一ナル進歩ノ状況ニアラシムルヲ要ス是レ本校創立ノ趣旨ナリ

　　○　降テ明治三十六年勅令ヲ以テ本校條例ヲ改正セラル其要旨ニ曰ク陸軍戸山学校ハ学生ニ主トシテ歩兵ノ戦術射撃体操剱術竝ニ鼓譜喇叭譜ノ訓練ヲ為シ以テ各隊ノ進歩ヲ圖リ常ニ諸学術ノ調査研究ヲ為シ携帯火兵ノ研究試験ヲ行ヒ又軍樂生徒ニ樂手補タルニ必要ナル教育ヲ為ス所トス云々

　　○　本校ニ左ノ科隊ヲ置ク

　　　　　　　戦術科（元ノ射撃科合併）

　　　　　　　教導大隊

　　　　　　　体操科（元ノ剱術科合併）

　　　　　　　軍樂生徒隊

　　○　本校ノ学生ヲ分テ左ノ四種トス

　　　　　　　戦術学生　歩兵大尉（時トシテハ重砲兵工兵士官）

　　　　　　　體操学生　歩騎砲工輜重兵中小尉及下士

　　　　　　　軍樂学生　地方一般志願者ヨリ採用スル者

　　　　　　　講調学生　歩騎砲工輜重兵喇叭長

　　と記述されており、明治の大日本帝国陸軍草創期において早々に諸列強国の軍隊に並肩すべく、フランス軍将校を招聘して、陸軍各隊の中核を為す将校等を召集し統一した軍事教育を行い、これら将校等が修得した軍事を原隊に譜伝することにより、全軍の斉一した進歩を図る目的で明治六年に陸軍戸山学校が創設されたもので、昭和２０年の第二次世界大戦終結とともに閉校された。

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Toyama Military Academy

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  The beginning of the Toyama Military Academy is said to be the establishment of the Toyama Branch of Army Cadet School in June 1873, which was built at the site of one of the former town residences of the daimyo of Owari-han, in present-day Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo. In February the following year, it was renamed to Toyama Gakko (Toyama Academy) of officer training for the Imperial Japanese Army. 

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  In the prospectus with the history of the Toyama Military Academy published in late December 1907, Ota Tasuku, an Imperial Army Infantry Staff Sergeant, wrote as follows (excerption);

• Establishment of the School: the School was established in August, started enrolling students and administering school affairs from the 20th of the month1873.

• Due to the abolition of cadet schools in May 1875, the school became an academy directly under the Ministry of War.

• Due to the regulatory changes that came into effect on 2 January 1897, the Academy, which had been overseen by the Kangun-bu department, came under the Sokan-bu department in the military and continues to be so today.

• From 1873 to 1884, specialist French officers were employed as teachers for physical training, shooting, and sword fighting.

• The intention of establishing the academy: It was an urgent requirement when establishing the Imperial Japanese Army to pursue learning in order to unify the education of the whole armed force. It is especially important to learn about the situation of fast-moving military affairs of foreign countries in order to progress in tandem with them. In order to do so, it is essential to train the officers based on the same curriculum so that a trained officer could return to his regiment with the knowledge to disseminate in order to assure even progress. That is the intention of establishing the academy.

• Later in 1903, an Imperial decree was issued defining the Toyama Military Academy to be that of providing military education and mainly infantry training in battle strategy, shooting, physical exercise, sword fighting, and drum and bugle in order to advance the whole army, to promote continuous research, to study and test portable firearms, and in the case of music students to be the future members of the military band.

• The present academy has the following departments;

  • Battle tactics (including former shooting section)

  • Administration

  • Physical training (including former sword fighting section)

  • Military Band

• The academy enrolls four types of students;

  • Students of battle tactics: infantry captains (sometimes including heavy artillery engineering officers)

  • Students of physical training: infantry, cavalry, and artillery first and second lieutenants

  • Students of the military band: to be chosen from civilian candidates nationwide

  • Auditors: infantry, cavalry, and artillery soldiers and the head of the buglers

 

  In short, the Toyama Military Academy was established in 1873, at the very beginning of establishing the Imperial Japanese Army in order to catch up the Western powers as quickly as possible. In order to do so, it invited French army officers to provide unified military education for Japanese officers who would be the core of each regiment, to disseminate the knowledge so that the advancement of the unified and integrated army affairs would be achieved.
The academy was closed at the end of the Second World War in 1945.

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